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USEFUL INFORMATION
Geographic Location
With an extension of 1 285 216 km2, Peru is located in the central part and western of the America of the South It limits the north with Ecuador and Colombia, to the south with Chile, the east with Brazil and Bolivia and to the west with the Pacific Ocean.
Peru has three very noticeable geographic regions. The desert zone, with 40 valleys watered by the rivers that descend from the western slope of the andes, where the main cities of this region are based as Lima, Trujillo, Ica and Tacna.
The mountain range, that extends of the south to north on the Mountain range of the andes and whose higher top constitutes the Huascarán with 6,786 msnm.
In this region they established the Incas its capital, the city of Cusco.
And the forest, region of forests, rivers and rains, represent 56% of the national territory, register precipitations greater to 1 000 mm there during the rainy season. The forest lodges important natural reserves and mighty rivers like the Amazon, one of most extensive of the world.
Climate
In the subtropical coast of Peru the average temperature oscillates between the 14 and 27 degrees Celsius. In the mountain range the climate is cold and dry and the temperature oscillates between the 9 and 18 degrees.
In the forest the climate is warm and humid and the temperature average is of 25 to 28 degrees Celsius. The tempered climate allows that the tourist can visit the country at any time of the year.
Population
Due to produced successive immigrations for more than 100 years, in our territory the native ones (indigenous or Andean) with diverse white, black and Asian groups have been coexisting ethnic (Chinese and Japanese mainly). This particular amalgam makes of Peru the Country of All the Bloods and grants a special affection to its people.
Language
The official languages are Castilian and quechua. This last and aymara (Puno) is spoken by the populations of the mountain range mainly, whereas in the forest exists a truely amazing linguistic variety that exceeds the 40 languages, spoken by the inhabitants of the native communities.
History
Peru has a cultural inheritance of almost 10 000 years of antiquity. The testimonies are multiple. From cave paintings to monuments of stone and mud of the Chavín cultures, Tiahuanaco, Mochica-Chimu and Inca. Part of the inheritance is represented by the enigmas and mysteries of the past like the lines of Nasca.
After the Spanish Francisco Pizarro conquered in century XVI the Empire of Incas or Tahuantinsuyo (four his or regions, in language quechua), he settled down the Virreinato that also contributed authentic expressions in the painting, sculpture, architecture and orfebrería.
After Independence, in in century XIX, Peru initiated its life like Republic . The symbiosis of the old cultures with the successive migrations that arrived at Peru during the republican time has made of this one an extraordinary country in cultural manifestations.
If to this characteristic we added attractive the natural ones, the modern life and the gastronomy, Peru is one from the more attractive tourist destinies of the world.
Geography
From Lima, to the border with Ecuador (1 300 km) the tourist will find extraordinary archaeological zones like Sechín in Casma, Chan-Chan in Trujillo, Sipán and Túcume in Chiclayo.
In Piura and Tumbes beautiful beaches and between the two slopes of the andes exist, the paradisíaco Alley of Huaylas where the majestic Huascarán is located, the highest mountain of Peru (6768 msnm) zone apt for the practice of the andinismo.
In the North mountain range the colorful Cajamarca is located, of beautiful countrysides, archaeological rest like the channel of Cumbemayo and necrópolis of Windows of Otuzco, both of stone, carnivals and typical virreinales and republican constructions.
Towards the east it is arrived at the valley of the Mantaro in the department of Junín, by means of an asphalt road whose higher point is Anticona (4 843 msnm), the inhabited place more stop of the world. It compares to this route runs the railroad, famous engineer installation constructed by Henry Meiggs.
It shows the world-wide record of being the higher railroad without racks of the world, whose elevated point more is the Galera tunnel (4 781 msnm).
The valley of the Mantaro is rich in artisan manifestations folkloric and. To the south of this region is Huancavelica, mining zone par excellence, and in the denominated central forest, after crossing the andes, the cities of San Ramon, the Favor are located, Oxapampa, Villa Rica and Pozuzo.
A little to the north are more the cities of Huanuco and Tingo Maria with their Beautiful Sleeper, mountain that has the silhouette of a woman sleeping.
The forest is an extensive area of more than 500 000 km2 where the Amazon river is the great protagonist. It is a paradise for the lovers of the nature by the wealth and variety of his flora and fauna. From Lima to the border with Chile (1 350 km) to many cities and bath have been developed.
In the department of Ica, cosy city of pleasant climate and good wine producer, also emphasize attractive like the National Reserve of Paracas and the islands Crossbows, forced scale of numerous migratory birds and rendezvous point of an extraordinary marine fauna. Kilometers more to the south, between Palpa and Nasca, the immense and mysterious lines on Pampas still fill of questions to the scientists and visitors.
The Arequipa white is the second city of Peru and the capital of a department where they conjugate his beautiful virreinal architecture, the impressive valley and tube of the Colca, one of deepest of the world (3 400 ms of depth), the majestic one made snow-white Misti and the reserve of vicunas. It follows Moquegua to him, rich in cupríferos mining seats.
Adjacent with Chile, Tacna is a commercial city of great might. In the South mountain range from Ayacucho to Puno (in the border with Bolivia) are extraordinary archaeological monuments, like vestiges and constructions preíncas, where the city of the Cusco, Cultural Patrimony of the World, conserves its spirit of old capital of the Empire of the Incas.
To a few hours, Machu Picchu is forced visit of all tourist eager to reveal its mysteries and to feel the magic of its stones. To the south, in Puno is the Titicaca, the navigable lake more stop of the world. The city has been denominated Capital Folkloric of America by its musical and choreographic variety, one of whose main manifestations it is the celebration of the Virgin of the Candlemas. | |
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